State of the Art report about 15mC and LDUAs

Research shows a need to address specific challenges in implementing the 15-minute City (15mC) concept in Low-Density Urban Areas (LDUAs). Conventional approaches, typically focused on dense city cores, are not easily applicable to LDUAs, as strategies like urban densification or large-scale infrastructure investments are costly, have significant environmental impacts, and are often ill-suited for these contexts. This mismatch contributes to persistent car dependency for daily needs in LDUAs and exacerbates challenges such as spatial fragmentation and limited social infrastructure. These systemic issues and the associated knowledge gap were the starting point of the PROWD initiative (PROximity Without Density).